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John Colpoys : ウィキペディア英語版 | John Colpoys
Admiral Sir John Colpoys, GCB (''c.'' 1742 – 4 April 1821) was an officer of the British Royal Navy who served in three wars but is most notable for being one of the catalysts of the Spithead Mutiny in 1797 after ordering his marines to fire on a deputation of mutinous sailors. Although this event resulted in his removal from active duty, Colpoys was a capable administrator who remained heavily involved in staff duties ashore during the Napoleonic Wars and was later a Lord of the Admiralty, Knight Companion of the Order of the Bath (later a Knight Grand Cross) and Governor of Greenwich Naval Hospital. ==Early career== Colpoys was the son of John Colpoys, a Dublin attorney and Registrar to Chief Justice William Yorke. His mother was a Miss Madden whose mother was Anne, daughter of Edward Singleton, an alderman of Drogheda in Ireland. Singleton's son, Henry, was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland from 1740-1753, while his granddaughter Charity, daughter of his son Rowland, was the wife of William Yorke, who succeeded Henry Singleton as Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland in 1753. Nothing is known of Colpoys' birth or childhood, except that he was born in approximately 1742. He is believed to have entered the Royal Navy in 1756 at the outbreak of the Seven Years' War and certainly served in the Siege of Louisbourg in 1758 and the Capture of Martinique four years later. His service in these campaigns was not especially notable, but they were to be almost his only experience of action with the enemy.〔(Colpoys, Sir John ), ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', J. K. Laughton, (subscription required), Retrieved 9 October 2008〕 While serving at Martinique, Colpoys was promoted to lieutenant and in 1770 received his first command, the small frigate HMS ''Lynx''. Promoted commander the same year, he was again promoted in 1773, becoming a post captain in command of the ship of the line HMS ''Northumberland''. At the outbreak of the American War of Independence, Colpoys took command of the frigate HMS ''Seaford'', which he commanded in European waters without seeing any significant action. In 1778, shortly after leaving the frigate, Colpoys was called to an Admiralty court as a judge in the court-martial of Sir Hugh Palliser in the acrimonious aftermath of the First Battle of Ushant. As instructed, the court found Palliser innocent of any wrongdoing and Colpoys returned to sea as commander of HMS ''Orpheus'' on the North American Station.〔 In ''Orpheus'', Colpoys achieved his one victory at sea when, in company with HMS ''Roebuck'', he successfully ran down and captured the small frigate USS ''Confederacy'' in 1781. His final command of the war was HMS ''Phoebe'', a frigate with the Mediterranean Fleet that was paid off a few months after he joined her in 1783.〔
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